CONTENTS

• Reasoning with uncertainty in Geoscience and Remote  Sensing
  • Thirsty in the desert
  • Answer
  • Talking Fuzzy
    • Membership functions
    • More sophisticated membership functions
  • Thinking Fuzzy
  • Drawbacks of basic Fuzzy Logic
  • Thinking with probabilities
    • Modelling the randomness of events
    • Rule-based reasoning
    • Reasoning with Probabilities

• Going beyond the limits of the image sensors
  • Introduction
  • What is the resolution of sensors on board satellites?
  • What if we wish to see objects smaller than the resolution of the sensor?
  • What is mixed pixel classification?
  • When is each approach applicable?
  • Linear spectral unmixing
    • Linear spectral unmixing for single mixed pixels
      • Simultaneous unmixing of several single pixels
        • Lack of robustness
        • Ambiguity
      • Fuzzy spectral unmixing
    • Dealing with sets of mixed pixels
      • Practical details
      • What if we do not have data to represent the pure classes?
      • Advantages of the method
      • Disadvantages of the method
        • Robust spectral unmixing using the Hough transform
          • Advantages of robust spectral unmixing
          • Disadvantages of robust spectral unmixing
          • The case when data for pure classes are not available
            • What if we do not have data to represent the pure classes?
            • Robust recovery of the statistics of the pure classes
      • Relationship with the simultaneous unmixing of several single mixed pixels
  • Non-linear spectral unmixing
    • Non-linear spectral unmixing in practice
    • Advantages of non-linear spectral unmixing
    • Disadvantages of non-linear spectral unmixing
    • Relationship between linear and non-linear spectral unmixing
  • Relationship of mixing proportions and NDVI
    • Advantages of using NDVI
    • Disadvantages of using NDVI
    • Advantages of using the mixing proportion
    • Disadvantages of using the mixing proportion
    • Comparison of the two indicators

• Some addresses of useful web sites
• An application

Proffesor Maria Petrou,

School of Electronic Engineering, Information Technology and Mathematics,

University of Surrey, Guildford,

Surrey, GU2 5XH,

United Kingdom.

 Email: M.Petrou@ee.surrey.ac.uk    

Telephone: +44 1483 259801

Fax: +44 1483 876031

Typesetting: Maria Faraklioti